WORLD-CLASS SPEAKER

What does it take to become a world-class speaker


Based on our group discussion, we had decided to write our personal views about to become a world-class speaker. There are many steps that can be used here.

First of all, I think the speaker should starting their talk with the ice-breaker. An easy 3 or 5 minute speech about personal, such as name and their situations. The ice-breaker
also to get you started on the way and to get some feedback on your speaking skills as they stand.

The second one is the speaker must organize their speech or talk before present to audience. In other words, the speaker must focusing on laying out of speech structure.

Third, the speaker also must takes note to know thy audience. The more you know about the audience, the more opportunities you’ll have to play with them. The way to learn about your audience is making some pre-program questionnaire. The interactions with audience are most important because there is centre of succeed in talk or speech.

Next, the speaker must get to the point when talk, which mean choose a purpose for speech (e.g. to inform, entertain etc) and ensure that the structure and deliver the speech to do just that.

Visual aids also important make the audience more interest when we doing presentation.
The speaker should hopefully be good at this one too, although not as good as expected. There are many types of materials can be used as visual aids, such as pictures, actual object, graph or videos. A visual aids can improves understanding by giving the listeners something concrete to see and therefore makes their mental image more exact and more like the image you have in mind.

There is no faster or easier way to become a world-class professional speaker

Megacity

TASK E : QUESTION (D)

Would you like to live in a megacity? Give as many reasons as you can for your answer.


LIVING IN MEGACITTY
Before skyscrappers were built by Man, and before the city lights were there to light up the roads and buildings, there were already people who tried to make the city they lived in as useful and beautiful as possible. New inventions and technologies were introduced to the world due to this urbanisation desire of Mankind. As for today, we experience the same kind of situation in global. For this, I woud love to live in a megacity in specific, as there are countless advantages that I can get by doing so.
By living in a megacity, I can easily get and catch up with the latest technology. For example, Tokyo, Japan megacity, is always made a place for the exhibition and marketing for the latest sophisticated technology such as cars, audio devices, portable gadgets and also computers. This will make my life more comfortable and will keep me in touch with the people and their culture all around the globe.
The next reason for me to choose megacity as a place that I would love to live in is because I can get so much that the urban life has got to offer, amusement. Big well-known cities like Paris, Tokyo, Shanghai and London, would never be ever so famous as they are today without the enjoyable fun that they have got to offer to the world. I can live my life as happy as I can, having my night life being spent and filled with joy and laughter. Plus, I can get to experience lavish lifestyle, the way the well-off people do in Hollywood and Vegas.
As we all know, in order for one to get known and famous, migrating to a big city and living the city life is a base for that dream to come true. Movie stars, Models, big bands and film directors are all introduced to the public once they enter the urban life. As for me, I also would love to be well known and notorious the way I enjoy the most which is to form a rock band. In the U.S., based in the big cities in specific, there were countless bands successfully introduced to the world. This is because it is easier to get the needed facilities in big developed cities, compared to the less modern rural area.
So, living in a megacity is indeed a pleasure for me to achieve one day. There are lots of fun and benefits too from experiencing the city life. If I were given an opportunity, I would love to leave for New York or perhaps Hollywood where I can enjoy my life the most there.

WHO WILL DETERMINE THE FUTURE OF SARAWAK'S PENAN

BRUNO AND THE BLOWPIPES

Bruno Manser was born on 25th of August 1954 in Basel, Switzerland. During his lifetime, Bruno Manser, one of the founders of the Bruno Manser Fund and its president for many years, was the best-known Swiss activist campaigning for the protection of the rainforests and the respect for human rights. He has been missing since his last journey to the Rainforest of Sarawak.

In the jungle of the Eastern Malaysian state of Sarawak, on the island of Borneo, near the Indonesian border of Kalimantan, Manser created richly illustrated notebooks during his stay in 1984 to 1990 with the Penan people. He stayed with the nomadic band of Along Sega, who became the Penan figurehead for their struggle. He also visited many other settled Penan communities in the Upper Baram district. These notebooks were later published, with some succes.

Having spent much of the 1970s educating himself in a stunning array of practical handcrafts, Manser took himself off in 1984 to find a way of life in which he could use his skills for greater benefit. Arriving at the home of the Penan, he liked what he saw, settled, and showed no inclination to re-emerge. Yet re-emerge he did in 1990, armed with a mission to get help. The Penan's habitat was being destroyed by the Sarawak's timber industry, and the few surviving nomads would be soon to follow. He helped the Penan to resist further intrusion by the logger and became the international mouthpiece for the treatened people of the primeral forest.

Declared 'enemy of the state number 1' by the Malaysian government, Manser bristled to the challenge, and founded the Bruno-Manser-Fonds in Basel to raise attention to rainforest issues, those of the Penan in particular. During the 1990s, his determination to make governments take notice and action to halt rainforest destruction revealed his stamina and flair for the dramatic. . In 1993 he conducted a 60-day hunger strike outside Bern's Bundeshaus to highlight the need for an import embargo of tropical woods. The strike received nationwide support, but little action resulted. He travelled, he lectured, he exhorted; but change was coming too slowly.

He felt the tide was flowing faster and faster against the Penan, and he grew more desperate. Making the occasional undercover visit to the people who had adopted him and called him Laki Penan. He made a diplomatic overture to Sarawak chief minister Taib Mahmud, offering to take responsibility for creating the Penan's biosphere himself, but he got no response. glider He learned how to parachute, planning to float down with a lamb of peace on the Hari Raya festival in Kuching.

The Malaysian embassy successfully lobbied the airlines to stop him, so he parachuted into Geneva instead. No response. He flew above the Taib residence, and landed, allowing himself to be arrested. He was transported.

In 2000, he made one final attempt to do something, anything, to save the Penan. Allowing himself to be filmed as he made his way through the jungle to Sarawak, he sent off a few hundred postcards, and on 22 May was seen crossing the border alone into the land of the Penan. The jungle has not returned him.

In my opinion, Bruno Manser was right to stop the government from developing the jungles of Sarawak and to defend the Penan from change. This is because the jungles of Sarawak used to be the 'home' of the Penan until nowadays. But i do disagree to Bruno Manser because people in Sarawak, especially the Penan people, need some development to expose them to the modern globilisation so that their lifestyles can be inproved.

Silat or pencak silat is a collective word for martial arts created by the Malay people from Southeast Asia. Originally developed in what is now Indonesia, peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand and Singapore, silat was also traditionally practiced by the Malay communities of Brunei, Cambodia, Vietnam and the Philippines. Practitioners are called pesilat. The Chinese fusion of silat is known as kuntao.

There are hundreds of different styles but they tend to focus either on strikes, joint manipulation, bladed weapons, throws or animal-based techniques. Silat schools are overseen by separate national organizations in each of the main countries the art is practiced.The movements of silat are often performed as a dance during festivities such as weddings. These performances can be done either solo or with a partner and are often accompanied by music, notably the gong, gendang (drum) and seruling (flute). There are stances and footwork in silat that make up the training. These footworks act as preset postures meant to provide stability whiloe in motion. These footworks and stances include horse stance (kuda_kuda), cat step (langkah kucing) and warrior step (langkah lawan). Along with the human body, silat employs a wide variety of weapons. Prior to the introduction of firearms, weapons training was actually considered to be of greater value than unarmed techniques. Among the hundreds of styles are dozens of weapons but the one most commonly used is the keris or dagger.

In Malaysia, there are well known silat styles that attract followers across the country. These incluce Silat Gayung, Silat Teralak Asli, Silat Cekak and Silat Kalimah. Until today, silat is still one of the most preferred art of defense in Malaysia. This priceless heritage should be fully appreciated and practiced in order for the future generations to make benefits of this Malay tradition in a continuous way.

THE MEDIA

The Media should be stopped from giving opinions against the government.
Do you agree with this opinion? Give reasons.


No, our group are not agree on the statement. Overall, the government are act as the leader of the our country.

The media should defines what are the government's functions. The media not only giving opinion about against the government. As we know, the government is a group members that leads us and leads the country. Because of that, the media should supports the government in the right ways.

Without the government, our country will disaster, including having many types of problems, such as unsatisfied in humans right.

The opinion against the government will arouses the suspicious among the citizens. In case, they will not respects the government. Although the government withdraw the uncomfortable rules for us, at least we should be respects them as the our leader. The media can discover the right ways to solve all these problem.

Definitely, the government not always true and right but as the freedom citizens, we should know how to giving our opinions.

The media not only write the negative feedback about the government. We must remember, because of them, we are not in starvation and not in wars. So, we strongly disagree with the opinion against the government.

Just thankful with what we had today, if you still have any suspicious just adapt them in the right position.

GENDER DISCRIMINATION

Based on the gender discrimination in Japan, we had found some problems including unfair towards women. In perspectives of men, they just only tools that must obey to the rules.

Discrimination is an assault on the very notion of human rights. Discrimination is the systematic denial of certain peoples' or groups' full human rights because of who they are or what they believe. It is all too easy to deny a person’s human rights if you consider them as “less than human”.
This is why international human rights law is grounded in the principle of non-discrimination.

The drafters of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights stated explicitly that they considered non-discrimination to be the basis of the Declaration. Yet discrimination due to factors such as race, ethnicity, nationality, class, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, age or health status – or a combination of factors – persists in many forms in every country in the world.

Discrimination in law enforcement can mean that certain groups are viewed by the authorities as ''potential criminals'' and so are more likely to be arrested and imprisoned. It can also mean that they are more likely to suffer harsher treatment, possibly amounting to torture or other forms of ill-treatment, once in criminal justice system.

An individual’s identity or status may also affect the nature and consequences of their ill-treatment – for example, transgender women detained with male prisoners are particularly at risk of rape and other forms of sexual violence.Many individuals face discrimination based on more than one element of their identity – for example, Indigenous women face discrimination not only as women, but as Indigenous Peoples. Such multiple factors interact and change individuals’ experience of discrimination.

Violence is used to terrorize women in the home, at work, in custody and in conflict, where rape is often used as a “weapon of war”. Wherever it is inflicted, this violence is intimately linked to women's subordinate position in society and restrictions on women’s autonomy. Sometimes state officials perpetrate violence. Often they are complicit in the violence of others who may be employers, religious or customary authorities or family members.

Dozens of countries still have laws which criminalize homosexuality. Such discriminatory laws not only deprive a sector of the population of their human rights, they may also act as a license to torture or ill-treat those detained. By institutionalizing discrimination such laws can act as an official incitement to violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in the community as a whole. However, such concerns are not limited to countries where homosexuality is illegal. Institutionalized prejudice means that lesbians, bisexuals, gay men and transgender people who come into contact with the law for other reasons may be targeted for abuse.

COMMUNICATION

Active listening intentionally focuses on who you are listening to, whether in a group or one-on-one, in order to understand what he or she is saying. As the listener, we should able to repeat back in our own words what they have said. This does not mean we agree with, but rather understand, what they are saying. Active listening is more just paying attention. It is also an important motivational strategy.

Active listening helps avoid conflict. When we listen attentively, we can fully understand the other person's point of view. While we might not always agree with their point of view, at least we "know where they are coming from". Just knowing what a person is really thinking and where they are coming from helps to better understand them.



In terms of stronger relationship, we are honoring to the other person when we listen actively. In this case, it can build trust with them. Listening attentively gets people to open up. They feel like they are being heard and understood. Once they feel like someone is really listening to them, they are more willing to share their true feelings.

Active listening can avoids misunderstandings, as people have to confirm that they do really understand what another person has said.

'' A man's silence is wonderful to listen to"

YOUTH SUBCULTURE-PUNK

Punk had its roots somewhere in the mid-1970s. Punks can come from any and all walks of life and economic classes. The subculture is predominantly male, with the exception of the riot movement. The punk subculture is centered around listening to recordings or live concerts of a loud, aggressive genre of rock music called punk rock, usually shortened to punk.

Inspired by its musical genre, a distinct type of fashion has been developed. they started to black shirts or skirts, safety pins and razor blades were used as jewelry, also wear tight jeans, Converse sneakers and skate shoes. Some punks wear clothes displaying a Nazi Swastika for shock-value, but most punks are anti-racist and are more likely to wear a crossed-out swastika symbol. Some punks cut their hair into Mohawks, style it stand in spikes and color it with unnatural hues.

Punk aesthetics determine the type of art punks enjoy, usually with underground, minimalistic and satirical sensibilities. Punk art is often concerned with political issues such as social injustice and economic disparity. The use of images of suffering to shock and create feelings of empathy in the viewer is common. Much of the earlier artwork was in black and white. Alternatively, punk artwork may contain images of selfishness, stupidity, or apathy to provoke contempt in the viewer.

POEM :
His arm around her waist,
With his studded belt in place.
A band tee covers his chiseled body,
"Three Days Grace."
As he reaches up,
To outline her pretty face.
Hot pink Converse on her feet,
She strums on her guitar.
He takes a few steps back,
But he's not going far.

Colorful bracelets line her arm,
As she keeps on playing.
He abruptly stops,and looks at her.
And her hand he begins taking.
She stops what she is doing
And looks into his eyes.
Brushes back his shaggy hair,
and begins to rise.

They fall onto a grungy couch together,
He looks in her eyes and whispers,
"I'll Love You Forever."
Those words,
They gave her such a high.
She knew they couldn't be a lie.

Starting then,
they shared an eternal bond.
As the music in the background, played on and on..=).

PARADISE LOST-FUTURE PREDICTIONS IN SEA LEVEL CHANGE

There are many factors to consider, and there is not a linear relation to global temperature variation and sea level. However, it is clear that over the past 100 years sea level has risen about 1/2 foot. An important factor to consider is that coastlines are not regular and do not have the same slope. Although a near-term rise of a few inches does not sound like a great concern, those areas with very mild slopes will have a large encroach with only a small global rise. A rise in sea level would inundate coastal cities, wetlands, and lowlands.

In some parts of the world entire nations are at risk of going under water with rising seas. For example, Bangladesh is land at terrible risk for loss of life, homes, and businesses due to their low elevation. As sea level rises the majority of the world’s population will face critical issues related to their way of life and even their very survival. Damage due to coastal flooding results in economic and habitat loss for humans as well as plant and animal species, thus increase the rate of erosion along the shorelines of beaches , threatening coastal structures on private lands.

Near Recife, Brazil the shoreline has receded more than 8 feet per year from 1985 to 1995. Another problem with sea level rise is the mixing of ocean water with fresh water supplies causing an increased salinity of coastal rivers and bays.

Ancient Egyptian Burial Customs

Introduction

The ancient Egyptians had an elaborate set of burial customs, believed were necessary to ensure their immortality after death. These rituals and protocols included mummification, casting of magic spells, and burial with specific grave goods thought to be needed in the afterlife. The burial process used by the ancient Egyptians evolved throughout time as old customs were discarded and new ones adopted, but some important elements of the process persisted. Although specific details changed over time, the preparation of the body, the magic rituals involved, and the grave goods provided were all essential parts of a proper Egyptian funeral.
















Reasons for Mummification

Keeping the body of an individual intact after death was necessary so that the Egyptian soul and personality (ka and ba) would have a place to live after death. The ba and ka would reunite with the akh to live a peaceful afterlife, for eternity. It was important that in death, the body look as normal as possible so that the ba and ka could find its akh. The ancient Egyptians used mummification to prevent the dead body from decaying. It continued to be practiced until the demise of the ancient Egyptian religion. Mortuary services were available to anyone who could pay for them, but only rich ones could afford better services. Mummification was actually only available to the rich until the methods became easier and less time consuming. The average mummification process for a queen or king was 70 days.


Practice

The basic process involved laying the body on a flat board, and cutting a slit in the abdomen. In an elaborate mummification, this might be performed by a priest wearing a jackal mask to represent Anubis, the deity associated with mummification and the guardian of the Necropolis. Then the body would be washed inside and out with palm wine. The lungs, liver, intestines, and the stomach were removed, mummified separately, and put into canopic jars. The heart was left intact because Egyptians believed this is where the essence of a person resided. The ancient Egyptians did not think that the brain was a vital part of the body, so the brain would be removed.

The body cavity and the separate parts might then be washed with palm wine again. The body was then placed in natron for about 40 days, with packets of natron placed inside the chest cavity. Natron dehydrated the body, which, combined with the high salt concentration, prevented bacterial activity within the dead body.

The mummy was then wrapped in many layers of linen strips, sealed to the body by tar or resin. Magic amulets were put in the folds, believed to protect the body from evil spirits and navigate the journey through the afterlife. The entire process was completed in 70 days, after which the mummy was sent to the dead person's family for burial.


Funerary Boats

Funerary Boats are known to be part of Egyptian funerary practices. Boats are crucial in religion because they were conceived as the main means by which the gods travelled across the sky and through the netherworld. One type of boat used at funerals was for making pilgrimages to holy sites such as Abydos.


Burial goods

From the earliest periods of Egyptian history, all Egyptians were buried with at least some burial goods which they thought necessary after death. At a minimum, these usually consisted of everyday objects such as bowls, combs, and other trinkets, along with food. Wealthier Egyptians could afford to be buried with jewellery, furniture, and other valuables, which made them targets of tomb robbers. Mummies were also equipped with the Weres headrest amulet which were magical amulets that were designed to protect the mummy's head.

A Selection of Shabti Statues

In the New Kingdom, some of the old burial customs changed. For example, an anthropoid coffin shape became standardized, and the deceased were provided with a small shabti statue, which the Egyptians believed would perform work for them in the afterlife. Elite burials were often filled with objects of daily use. Although the types of burial goods changed throughout ancient Egyptian history, their functions to protect the deceased and provide sustenance in the afterlife remained a common purpose.


References

1. ^ Digital Egypt, Burial customs
2. ^ http://web.olivet.edu/gradusers/hgerth/leeanne.htm retrieved November 26, 2007
3. ^ Digital Egypt, Pyramid texts
4. ^ Digital Egypt, Book of the dead
5. ^ Grajetzki: Burial Customs, p. 7-14
6. ^ Grajetzki: Burial Customs, p. 15-26
• Digital Egypt, an outstanding source of information
• http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/CollectionPreservation
/Mummification/EgyptianMummification/EgyptianMummification.htm
• Wolfram Grajetzki: Burial Customs in Ancient Egypt: Life in Death for Rich and Poor.
Duckworth: London 2003 ISBN 0715632175
• John Taylor: Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt. Chicago: The University of Chicago
Press. 2001

Introduction

Hye, this is our very first time posting our blog and it feels great. There are three of us here in our group. We are taking the same course, diploma in forestry, and hopefully we will make it to the graduation day. We actually never got involved before in blogging but we would love to learn more and more so that for the next time, we can get to write and post comments in a more appropriate way. So, I think that's it for our very first immatured introduction and we are keeping our fingers crossed for the better posts in the nearest future..

Goodbye for now...(",)..